Aeroplane.



E. J. ELSAS.

AEROPLANE. v APPLICATION ILED JULY 28,1911.

Patented Oct. 22, 1912.

5 SHEET SHEET 1.

Aftorneys E. J. BLSAS.

AEROPLANE.

. APPLICATION NLBD JULY 25,1911.

Patented Oct. 22, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

Attorneys E. J. BLSAS.

AEROPLANB.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28,1911.

1,041,759, Patented 001221912. v

1 N 6 SHEETS-simu s.

N1 N Vn N N I g s;

r l. l"

E. J. ELSAS.

AEROPLANE.

APPLIOATION HLBD JULY 28,1911.

1,041,759.l Patented 001221912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

@y Q F U Inventor,

Attorneys E. J. ELSAS.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28,1911.

1,041,759. Patented 001.-.' 2.2, 1912.

[i fz ZZ U w ZIM/07122744! Witnesses Inventor,

Atto rneys.

' by ,4 Y I' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5. l

l view which will lUNITED sTATEsPATENT oFFIoE. i

EDWARD J. ELsAs, or KANSAS CITY, mrssouar. #anomalia Specuication ofLetters Patent. 'Application led July 28, 1911. Serial No. 641,100.

Patented oet. 22, r1912.

To all whom itmay concern.'

Be it known that I, EDWARD J. ELsAs, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kansas City, in the county ofJackson and State ofMissouri,.have invented a new and useful Aeropiane, of which thefollowing is a speciien.

`This invention relates to aeroplanes of the biplane type such asdisclosed in Patent No. 992,410 issued to me'on May 16, 1911, one of theobjects of the invention being to provide means whereby either or boththe lateral and the longitudinal balance of the machine can bemaintained or restored automatically, additional means being providedfor restoring the balance manually or for tilting thegmachine eitherlaterally or longi# tudinally flight.

A further object is to controlling mechanism which canbe readilyoperated by the aviator and whereby the balancing planes or ailerons,together with the rudders, may be shifted easily, the motor controllingmeans being assembled close to the means provided for operating theailerons and therudders.

A further object is to provide a machine of this character which can bereadily collapsed when not in use and quickly set up, the structurebeing such as to permit the frame and... theV operating parts to yieldslightlywhen subjected to sudden strains so that the parts will not beinjured when jerked suddenly and the machine will therefore be renderedmore reliable and capable of 'withstanding strains.

With the foregoing and other objects in appear as the descriptionproceeds the' invention resides 4in, the com.- bination and arrangementof 'pa'ts and in the details of construction hereinafter de- 1 scribedand claimed, it being understood that 'clearnessv changes in the preciseembodiment` ofthe invention herein disclosed can be-made within thescope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

In the accompanying drawings the preferred form of the invention hasbeen shown. In said drawings -Figure 1 is'fa side elef vation of themachine. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof, a portion of one of thesustaining planes b eing removed and certain of the parts belng brokenaway for the sake of Fig. 3 1s a front elevation. Fig. 4 is a detailView of the emergency plane for vcontrolling the direction of Y A Mwires or braces and provide compact reference 1 designates `light metalhaving open portions for fuI'-,

curved downwardly and its carrying structure. Fig. 5 aside elevationofthe parts shown in Fig. 4:'. Fig. 6 is an elevation of one of the postsor uprights of the structure and showing its connections with the sparsor ribs.. 7 is a detail view in connection withthe structure shown inFig. 6, said pin being shown lon an enlarged scale. Fig. 8 is anenlarged transverse section through one of the posts or uprights. 9 is aview partly n section and partly in elevation showing one 'form ofsplice which may be used in the construction of the machine. Fig. 10 isan enlarged view showing a yielding connection' between a brace or guyframe. Fig. 11 1s a detail view showing another form of vconnectionbetween theguy a p 'ortion of the frame structure. Fig.12 is a` Viewpartly in Section and partl Fig. 13 is a p an in Fig. 12. Fig. of thejoints whereby the rudder carrying portion of the structure may be.'detachably connected to the frames of the sustaining planes. Fig. 15 isportion of one of the ribs of the upper sustaining plane and showing thefront cross member in section.- Fig. 16 is an elevation of one endof onestandard. Fig. 17 is a longitudinal section of the wheel supportedframe. Fig. 18 is a detail view of a double pulley to be used inconnection with the emergency plane.

Referring to .the figures by characters of ther reducing the weightthereof and upper faces of these 2 are formed in the ribs and receivediagonal braces 3, and add-iti in the'front ends o t ribs and receivethe front members 5 ofthe frame of the top sust-.in ing plane 6. Saidplane which is formed; either of light metal or of a fabric stretchedupn the ribs and braces and rear edge and also' upwardly at its ends, asclearly indicated in Figs. 1 and'3 respectively. Itb is to be understoodthat the ribs 1 may be connected together at their rear ends in anymanner desired. A

The lower sustaining plane 7 is shorter than the upper plane 6 and itsen dsare more an elevation ofthe front ribs, preferably of' rlbs arecurved. Eyes of a locking pin to be used wire and a po/rtion of 'thethrough one endprtion al. eyes 4 are formed l' "I from its front to itsi abruptly curved than are the endsef 'extending downwardly therefromand fixed relative thereto, the arms at each side of the machine beingconnected by a rod 115 to swing inwardly .lower sustaining plane andpivoted to the arms. A controlling plane 116 extends downwardly-fromeach of the planes 111 and extends longitudinally of' the rods 113v ofsaid planes. By utilizing the supplemental planes 111 and 112 and thecontrolling planes 116 it will be seen that when the machine is suddenlystruck by a side gust of wind, the air current, instead of working underthe upturned sides of the tilting the machine Vwill press against theplane 116 at the Windward side of the machine-and cau-:e it toward thecenter of plane 7. This movement' of plane 116 will cause the twosupplemental planes 111 and 112 to tilt upon their rods 113 and thusovercome the tendency of the wind to tilt the machine. Under normalconditions the air' pressure upon the lower faces of the planes 111 and112 serves to maintain the planes in lapped relation and in thepositions indicated in Fig. 3. The two planes 6^ and-7 are ldetachablyconnected by a plurality of posts ,or standards connected to the frontand rear cross members 5 as illustrated in detail in Fig. 6. Each ofthese standards is preferably made of two telescopicallyconnectedfniembers 8. A foot 9 is formed at each end'pof the standards,the two feet being extended in` substantially the same direction. Theupper end of each standard is pivotally connected, as at 10, to ears 11extending from a existing or the like secured to one -of the members 5,said casting having. a stop shoulder 12 constituting an abutment for the,footso as to prevent the standards from' swinging in one directionrelative to the upper.vmember 5 after said standard has been brought toa'predetermined angle relative to the up r sustaining plane. 'l.`helo'wer` foot of e standard 8 is pivotally connected, as at 13, toslotted ears .14 extended upwardly from a casting 15 on the lower member5 of the machine.

vCasting 15 constitutes an abutment for the -lower foot 9- and thusserves to limit the swinging movement-of the standard 8 relative to thelower sustaining plane. The pivot devicesl are slidably mounted withinthe slots in the ears 14e but can only be removed therefrom b' pushingthe foot 9 outwardly relative to t 'e lower Sustaining plane. As freemovement of the standard 8 in this direction is prevented by thecooperation of the upper foot. 9 with the stop projection 12, it will beapparent that the standard can only be disengaged from thev lower ears14 by springing it therefrom. The standards or posts 8 at the front ofthe machine must be sprung forwardly at their lower ends in order tobecome disengaged from the frame of the lower sustaining plane, and theposts or standards at the rear of the machine must be sprung rearwardlyat their lower ends in order to become disengaged from the yframe of the-lower sustaining plane. When once disengaged from the lower sustainingplane, however, these standards can be swung with their brace wiresupwardly and inwardly against the upper sustaining plane, and

without loosening them, vthus forming a very compact folded structure.

In order to hold the posts or standards against movement relative to theframes ofJ the planes, brace wires or rods 16 are connected to thecastings to which the upper nected and these wires or rods extenddownwardly and are crossed, each rod having a turn buckle whereby itcanbe readily tightened. Those rods extending downwardly and forwardly areconnected to eyes 17 formed on lockingpins 18, each pin having aradially extending` stud 19 insertible through a slot 20 in lone of thelower feet 9, said pin being rotated after such insertion so as to bringthe stud or projection 19 to a positionwhere it will prevent the pinfrom being withdrawn from the foot 9 and the pull of the rods 16 on thepinsserving to prevent the rotation ofthe pins and their withdrawalafter the rods have once been tightened. It will be apparentthat as longas the rods 16 are taut it will be impossible for the. frames of theupper and lower sustaining'pl-anes to shift or swing relative `totheposts or standards 8 and therefore a very rigid structure isproduced. When, however, it is desired to collapse the structure, therods 16 extending downwardly' andforwardly can be loosened, thuspermitting the rotation of pins 18 the lower front feet 9. The lowerends of the front standards or posts 8 can then be sprung forwardly outof engagement with the ears 1 4 after which the rear posts or A9o endsof the posts or standards 8 are constandards 8 can be disenga ed fromthe rear ortion of the frame -ofA t e lower sustaining plane. Y

The middle rib1al of the upper sustaining plane is connected to the twomiddle-'.

ribs of thelower sustaining plane by means of downwardl 21 extending]elow' the rear edge of the plane 7. T

lower .ends of theseframe diverging frame menibersA members are securedto rearwardly concross member 5 of the upper sustaining verging spars 22which are inclined upplane 6 and near the ends of said member, wardlyand are connected, at their rear are upstanding shafts 43 each of whichexends, to a similar spar 23 inclined upwardly tends upwardly to theforward end of v'a to the rear end'of the central rib `la of thesubstantially triangular aileron 44 to which 70 upper sustaining plane.These spars 22 and it is fixedly connected. These ailerons are 23 may bedetachably secured to t-he memso positioned and proportioned as tonorbers 2l and to the rib la in any suitable mally lie under the endportions of the manner. It is preferably done by providinguppersustaining plane 6 but to vshift lat- 10 split tubular extensions 24uponthe lower erally beyondy either ofgsaid ends when the 75 end port-ionsof the members 2l and upon machine is tilted laterally and it is desiredthe rear endA of the rib l, theseextensions to restore the lateralbalance. The means receiving the spars 22 and 23 and having provided forthis purpose will be hereinclamps 25 extended around them 'whereby'after set forth. Each of the shafts has .an

the sleeves can'be vtightened on the spars arm 45 projecting forwardlytherefrom. 80 and thus securely fasten them to the mem- Al universaljoint 46 is arranged at the bers/21 and to the rib la, respectively.v By-meeting ends of' the spars 22 and 23, this loosening the clamp M:.Yowever, the spars joint constituting the connectio between 22 and ,23can be readily disconnected when the spars and the combined ho aantaland 2o itis desired to collapse the machine or to vertical rudder usedin connection. with the 85 replace any one of the spars. machine. Thisuniversal joint includes a Ihe spars 22 and 23-form a rearwardly ring 47mounted for swinging `movement v 'extending frame which may be 4bracedat upon trunnions 48 extending laterally from desired points by means ofconnecting stripsl a stem 49, said stem being journaled with- 25 2G andcrossed wires 27 or the like. Downin a cap or the like connecting thespars 90 wardly diverging standards 28 are ,con- 22 and 273. Ribs 50radiate from the ring nected to the spars adjacent the centers 47 andcarry the horizontal rudder fabric 51. thereof and. are suit-ablybraced, each of The ribs 52 of the vertical rudder extend thesestandards being provided, adjacent its from the middle portion of thehorizontal 80 lower end, with a tubula upright 29 in rudder and carrythe fabric 53 of the ver- 95 which is slidablyv mounted the stem 30 oftical rudder. A spar 54 extends rearwardly a skid 31 made of suitablespring material. from the intersecting portions of the ver- The stembears upwardly against a spring tical and horizontal rudders and thefree end 32 within the upright and the skid 31 has of 4this spar isconnected by means of brace 35 a forked lend 33 in which is journaledawires 55 or the like'to the outer ends of the 100 wheel 34. A bracewire 3 5 may connect the rearwardly extending ribs of the two rudlowerend -of each upright to oneo-f the ders. The spars 22 and 23 are so arraed frame members21 so as to render the strucrelative to the rudders thatsaid rnd ers ture sufiiciently rigid. A pulley 36 is prefare free toswing upon the universal joint 40 erably secured to the stem 30 and isfor the to any desired extent without being inter- 105 purposehereinafter set forth. fered with bythe spars'.

Bars 37 are hingedly connected to the Extending forwardly from two ofthe ribs lower ends of the members 21 and are in. of the uppersustaining plane are supporting turn pivotally connected, as at 38,- tobarsspars 56 inclined upwardly toward .their 39 attached to the middleribs of the lower free ends. A frame 57 is yslidablym'ounted 1-10 plane7. Bearing springs may be connected on these spars and also on guidestrips 5.8 to the bars 37 and 39- as indicatedat '40, secured on theupper sustaining lane, said these springs bein engaged by the trunframecarrying at its front en a transl? nion or axle-41 o .a'wheel 42. `Therear verse truss 5.9 whereby it is reinforced. A ends of bars 37 maybeslidably mounted yspring controlled roller 60 similar in con- 115within conical sockets 117 contalning comstruction to an ordinary shaderoller, is pression springs 118 against which the rods journaled betweenthe back ends of the abut. The said rods are thus permitted to sparsV 56and a fabric 61 is normally wound move rearwardlywithin the sockets 1,17and,` thereon, this fabric being'connected at one atthe same time, toswing upwardly andl end to thejforward end of theframe 57. It 120downwardly. Other means than Athat deis to be 'understood that thefabric 6l is scribed may be employed for connecting normally wound ruponthe roller but, wheel 42 to the structure. The wheels1 34IV fwheneverdesired, the frame 57 can be drawn are 42 are adapted to hold themachine in' forwardlya'long the spars 56 andthe guides 60 properposition while the same is restin on A58 so`as 'to unwind the fabric andform an 125 the ground p rior .or subsequent to its Hight;Y emergencyplane which is extended in front As slown 1n Fig. 3 the two planes 6and'Vofftheupper sustaining plane.

7 are inclinedfupwa'rdly and forwardly withv 'The means for controllingthe planes and relation tothe surface onwhich'the machine rudders havebeen illustrated in detail in supported. 'Journaled/within the front vl2and 13. This controlling mech- 130,

' cam 72 whenever i rwardly and wound on and secured to a small 5 sheave119..

A larger sheave 120 rotates with sheave 119 and a cord 64 is securedthereto and extends upwardly `upon suit-ably disposed guide sheaves andis connected to the front end portion of the frame 57. This shaft islocated directly in front of the aviators seat, shown at .and isjournaled Within a tubular shaft 66 mounted for swinging movement aboutan axis extending transversely of the machine, the trunnions 5' of thetubular shaft 66 being indicated by.

dotted lines at 67 and being extended from a bearing sleeve 68 suitablysupported. .-A hand wheel 69 lis secured to the upper end of the lshaft66 and closeto the wheel 63 and a pulley .70 is connected to shaft 66 atits lower end. Another pulley 71 is loosely mounted on the shaft 66 butis adapted to be fastenedv thereto by means of a it is desired to rotatethe pulley by means of the shaft 66. Arms 73 extend oppositely fromshaft 62 close to the end of shaft 66 and openings 74-are formed within'the shaft 66 at diametrically opposed points and register with arcuateslots 75 formed within the bearing sleeve 68. Cords 7 6- extend throughthe slots 75 and the openingsl 7 4 andupwardly within the shaft 66 toopenings. 77. The cords extendfrom these.

last mentioned openings to levers 78 and 79. These levers are pivotallyconnected to the upper portion of shaft 66, as indicated at 80 and aremounted within arcuate guides 81 extendin downwardly from the wheel 69.It will e noted that the cords 76I are arranged in pairs. One cord ofeach pair extends, to the sparking mechanism of one of the engines ofthe other cord extends to anism of the same engine. in the presentstructure,

It is designed,

dependently operating engines 82 and 83 for driving the propellers 84and 85 'respectively, suitable clutch mechanism being provided wherebyeither or both of the engines may be coupled to the shafts of thepropellers, the clutch mechanism for this purpose beingset forth indetail in my patent .hereinbefore referred to. It will be appar` ent,from the foregoing, that by shifting one of the levers 78, the sparkingmechanisme one of the engines can be by shifting the other lever of thesame pair, to wit, lever 79, the fuel can be caused to feed to theengine.

. Cords 86 extend ."e'nds of arms 73 and extend partly around suitablyarranged guide sheaves and a'ie attached tothe inner edges of the'ailerons 44. The arms 45 .are connectedby a cord :s0

g 65 that, when the segment is 'turned in either aeroplane while theythe fuel feed mechy to provide two in-L .swing arm l91 w en f can shiftfreely with the set for use while,`

forward. from the free direction, the ailerons 44 will be simultaneouslyshifted either to the right or the left, one of them being projectedbeyond one end of the upper sustaining plane 6 while the other one ofthe ailerons will be retracted under the other end of the sustainingplane. v

The' pulley 70 has cords 87 secured. to it and wrapped therearound,these cords extending rearwardly past. suitably arranged guide sheavesto the sides of the horizontal rudder so that, when shaft 66 is rotatedby means of its wheel 69, said horizontal rudder will be shifted so asto correspondingly move the vertical rudder and thus steer the machinelaterally while in flight.

The pulley 7Ld1as a cord 88 secured to it and wrapped therearound,thiscord extending. past suitably arranged guide sheaves to the pulley36 hereinbefore referred to so that, when pulley 71 is locked to shaft66 by means of c am 72, said shaft can be rotated so as to turn thestems 30 and wheel 34 and thus guide the machine while it is beingpropelled along the ground.

The horizontal rudder is adapted to'be shifted either automatically ormanually.

The means employed for shifting it' manually include a leve-r 89 mountedadjacent the avaitors seat and connected, by 'cerds 90 to an upstandingarm.91 which is fulcrumed within a suitable structurebetween the spars22 and 23 and pivotally connected to ,a -rod 92 extending to the lowerrear portion of the vert-ical rudder. The cords 90 pull in oppositedirections upon the arm 91 so that, when lever 89 is swung -inonedirection, said arm, will be shifted therewith and will pull on therod' 92 jand thus tilt -theyhorizontal i rudder whereas, when themovement of the lever is reversed themoveinent vof .arm 91 and of the.rudder islikewise reversed. Arm

91 has a pcndulumf 93 exte'nr'lingV downwardly therefrom and integra-1therewith,

the `same .includin .a Weight v94 sufficient-to the machine pitchesdownwardly either at its lfront or end. so as to'thus automaticallyshiftthe horizontal rudder and cause it to' restore the longitudinalbalance' of the machine.

at'its rear- When the aviator vis depending upon thcj pendulum foroperating the horizontalrudder, he unlocks the lever 89 fromthe segment95 providedftherefor .so that said lever l I endulum. The pendulum.isheld against ateral swinging movement .in any desiredqmanner as bymeans offithecrossbar 96. to which it is attached- AS he be ttatingthesh'aft 62 and thus operatmgthams; 3. Itiifdesirable, 4however,tofalso piovide means for. automatically shifting the ailerons'shouldthelateral balance of the machinsjabe lost. For thisre ailerons maypurposepreferably two pendulums 97 are suspended from the upper sust-aimingplane 6 so as to swing laterally but not forwardly or rearwardly. Thependulums are connected above their weights to the cord 86 so that, whenthe pendulums shift either to the right or tothe left, the ailerons willbe actuated thereby and the arms 73 will also be shifted, thus rotatingshaft 62 and wheel 63.

It is to be understood that the ailerons are held in their normalpositions preferably by the described mechanism controlled by thependulums 97 or by the aviator.

By pivotally mounting the bering sleeve 68, as indicated at 67, it willbe apparent that, should the machine pitch downwardly and forwardly theweight of the aviator will be thrown against the wheel 69 and thecontrolling shafts will thus be swung forwardly and shaft 62 will pullbackwardly on the cord 64, thus shifting the frame 57 forwardly7 alongspars 56 and extending the emergency plane 61. This plane will thusoperate to displace an increased. amount of air and will be ofconsiderable assistance to the aviator in righting the machine after ithas pitched forwardV to an undesirable Vso? extent.

Ithas been found that, in constructing the standards, posts, bars andspars of the ma.-

v chine, it is advisable to make them of tubes maybe moun 'terialpreferably of light metal preferably elliptical oroval in crosssectional contour, as indicated in Fig..8,. the long axisbeing extendedin the direction of'light while the standard or post is bracedtransversely by 101 of wood orother suitable light ma- I-shaped in crosssection.

eresplicesare necessary the ends of 1the frame membersVV are beveled anda transverse groove 102 is formed'in one of the beveled aces while atransverse rib 103 is formed in the other beveled faceand is ada ted tolfit within the goove.- A sleeve 104 1s then placeda'round the lappingends offthe :traute members and the sleeve and ends arefhld together bymeans of rivets 105 orthe like extending transversely through them;v-Tlie variousguy or brace wiresare referably provided with turnklvbuckles, suoli) asIg-f 1' cated at `106 and, in addition thereto,

va thereto y'-otthereby the limited extent when im yi subjected tostraln, this yleldlng preventing' 1th y y y yfrom brealn'ng. Theyielding action ofthe spring is preferably limited by flexible strips 99extended through and secured tothe ends of the sprin g Where the4 wiresare ex# tended throng ortions ofthe frame,

within a tube such`as in- -dicted at 108 in Fig. .11, the wiresbein Ysecuredwithin the tu e by soft solder whicl will break should the strainupon the Wires became excessive. Y

means of a web coupl s connected to the upper 'bers' upon the lowerplane, means upon the llower ends of the standards and mounted to swinginto the slots, crossed braces connectconnected, to the uppersustainingl plane,

In order that the .propellers 84 and 85 may tary forward pitching of theaviator for shiftin the emergency plane forwardly and upwar ly relativeto the sustaining plane.

2.- An aeroplane including a sustaining plane, aileronsA movablyconnected to the sides of the sustaining plane, means under the controlof the aviator for shifting the ailerons relative to the sustainingplane, and means operated by said first mentioned means when shiftedinone direction `by the involuntary forward pitching of the aviator formoving the emergency wardly from the .sustainin plane.

3. An `aeroplane inclu lng a sustainingv plane, an 4emergency planenormally reaviators seat so that either a normally rolled. emergencyplane;

plane' forwardly yand upand supported in frontof the sustaining" Aplane, and means operated by the involuntracted in front of thesustaining plane,

means connected to the sides -of the sustaining plane for restoring thelateral balance of the machine, means under the control of the aviatorfor actuating said" balancing. said means being movable forwardly by theinvoluntary forward pitching lofthe means,

aviator, and means operated by the forward movement .of sadrstmentionedmeans forshifting the emergency plane forwardly and upwardly relative-tothe sustainingplane.

4. An aeroplane including asustaining plane. a rearwardly extendingfrane detachably connected' thereto, combined ver-` tical and horizontalframe, sustaining plane, means under the controlof rudders carried bysaid .the aviator for shiftingc the rudd'ers, means for shifting theframe supporting wheels about upwardlyl extending axes to steer themachine upon the ground, andv means for ingsaidwheel shifting means torudh lftlng means.

er sustainingv planes,

plane, slotted memed to the lower portions of the standards to hold saidmeans within the slots, and co'- f'operatingmeans upon the standards andplanes V'for holding said standards against v si'vtfinging movementrelative to the planes.-

aeroplane including yupper andv standards pivotally wheels supportingthe frame and the slotted means upon the -'lower sustaining plane,coperating means upon the standards for holding said standards againstswinging movement in one direction relative to the i plane, lappingsupplemental planes at each .supplemental planes end of the sustainingplane and movable aboutaxes extending parallel with the line of flight,an operating plane extending downwardly from and fixed relative to oneof the supplemental planes at each end of the sustaining plane, vandconnections between the supplemental planes at each end of thesustaining plane for'causing the said to move in unison/into or out ofallnementwith the sustaining plane..

.'8 A iyingvmachine including a sustaining plane, an emergency planenormally housed adjacent/the front edge of the sustaining plane, astructure fixed relative to the sustaining plane and inclined forwardlyand upwardly therefrom, and means adapted to be operated by theinvoluntary forward pitching of the aviator, for shifting the emergencyplane along said structure into position to elevate the front end of themachine.

9. An aeroplane including upper and lower sustaining planes, standardspivotally connected to one of the planes and detachably connected to theother plane, braces connecting the upper and lower portions of thestandards to hold the standardsin engagement with the plane to whichit,is detachably connected, and coperatino` means upon the standards andplanes forlolding the braces against swinging movement relative to theplanes.`

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto aiiixedmy signature in the presence of two witnesses.

'EDWARD J. ELSAS.-

Witnesses z R. L. SNIDER, ORVILLE CAMPBELL.

